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Istrian scale
"Istrian scale" refers both to a "unique"〔Thammy Evans, Rudolf Abraham (2013). ''Istria: Croatian Peninsula, Rijeka, Slovenian Adriatic'', p.17. ISBN 9781841624457.〕 musical scale and to the Istrian and Kvarnerian folk music genres which use the scale.〔"(Two-part singing and playing in the Istrian scale )", ''UNESCO.org''.〕 It is named for the Istrian peninsula. Genres include ''kanat'' and ''tarankanje''; techniques include nasal tone, variation and improvisation, and resolution to the unison or octave; and instruments include ''sopele'' shawms, bagpipes, flutes, and ''tambura'' lutes.〔 It was first named by Ivan Matetić Ronjgov early in the twentieth century,〔 assisting his study and notation of Croatian music.
==Description==
Non-equal-tempered,〔〔Marušić, Dario. "(Reception of Istrian Musical Traditions )", ''Musicology 7/2007 (VII)'' ("(Reception of Istrian Musical Traditions )", ''doiSerbia'').〕 the scale could approximately be notated as: E-F-G-A-B-C () (see: enharmonic), the first six notes of an octatonic scale on E. It may be thought of in various ways, such as the Gregorian Phrygian mode with lowered 4th, 5th, and 6th degrees (on E: E-F-G-A-B-C-D ()).〔Seljačka sloga, Vinko Žganec, Nada Sremec (1951). ''Hrvatske narodne pjesme i plesovi, Volume 1'', p.228.〕 Performances feature diaphony and the Phrygian cadence (in E: F and D moving to E).〔
Though, "relative intonation var() considerably from example to example (between instruments ),"〔 the scale has also been described as derived from just intonation: subharmonics seven to fourteen.〔Ruland, Heiner (1992). ''Expanding Tonal Awareness'', p.43. Rudolf Steiner. ISBN 9781855841703. Described by Kathleen Schlesinger on the Greek ''aulos''〕
In Haydn's String Quartet in F minor, Op. 20 No. 5,〔 something like the Istrian mode, but without its top note, is found.〔 Uroš Krek's ''Inventiones ferales'' (1962) uses the scale, "in a disguised manner".〔(2001). ''Muzikološki zbornik: Musicological annual, Volumes 37-39'', p.86. 〕 Tartini may have studied the scale,〔 and Bartok took note of the scale.〔 Karol Pahor's cycle of 15 pieces, ''Istrijanka'' (1950), was the result of study of the Istrian mode, as was Danilo Švara's ''Sinfonia da camera in modo istriano'' (1957).〔Ray Robinson, Regina Chĺopicka, eds. (2003). ''Studies in Penderecki: Penderecki and the avant garde'', p.137. ISBN 9780911009118.〕
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